九年级上册外研版英语课文知识点,外研版九年级下册英语课文知识点

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【九年级上册外研版英语课文知识点,外研版九年级下册英语课文知识点】【篇一】九年级上学期英语课文知识点外研版

所谓垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分,如分词短语,不定式动词短语等,找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑 。垂悬结构是种错误的句法,应该避免 。

下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法:

⒈垂悬分词或分词短语,如:

①Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.

这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二:

(a)确定是逻辑主语,使句子变成“Climbingup the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”

(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句):“When theexplorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”

⒉垂悬副词短语,如:

After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fishbegan to bite.

这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对 。改正方法:

(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, thefisherman found that the fish began to bite.

(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp onthe hook, the fish began to bite.

⒊垂悬不定式动词短语,如:

Towrite well, a lot of practice is needed.

Tobe a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.

这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”,真正的主语必须是“人”,如:

(a) To write well, one needs a lot ofpractice/a person has to practise a lot.

(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she musthave a sense of belonging.

上述三类垂悬结构中,第一类发生的频率,必须注意 。但是在下列三种情况下,分词短语是对的,它们并非垂悬结构:

第一,独立结构(The Absolute Construction,见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语,所以不是垂悬结构 。例如:

Suchbeing the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.

第二,当分词含有介词或连词性质时,它不需要逻辑主语,所以没有垂悬问题存在 。例如:

Owing to a lack of funds, the project hasto be discontinued.

Provided that there is sufficient time,everyone can do the job better.

第三,当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时,也不需要逻辑主语,因此也不存在着垂悬问题 。例如:

Judging from his facial look, the news musthave been terrible.

Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong withthe logic behind that idea.

【篇二】九年级上学期英语课文知识点外研版

连词及其用法

1.连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用 。

2.常见的连词

and(和,与;而且;于是,然后;因此)

but(但是;通常用not...but...不是...而是...;可是,然而;表示惊讶,不同意等--喔,哇;用来加强语句重复部分的语气--一定;用来引入新话题--那就;常用于否定句--而不,若不;用于含doubt,question等字的否定句中相当于that--对于)

or(或者,还是;用于否定句或问句--也不;否则,要不然;也就是说,换言之)

nor(用在neither之后--也不;用在no,not,never之后--也不;用在句首,句子需倒装--也不)

so(因此,所以;因而,从而)

yet(可是,却,然而)

for(因为,由于)

both…and(既...又...;不但...而且)

not only…but also(不但,而且)

either…or(不是...就是;要么...要么)

neither…nor(既不...也不...)

3.并列连词:

①and 与or;②both …and两者都;③not only…but ...as well as=not only...but also不但…而且;④neither…nor意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致 。

4.转折或对比连词

①but表示转折,while表示对比 。②not…but…意思为"不是……而是……" 。

宾语从句

1.宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种 。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句 。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句 。

2.宾语从句的引导词有三种:

(1)以that引导的宾语从句:

that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引导词that没有实际意义,不在从句中作任何成分,that可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整 。

Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗?

He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的 。

(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句:

从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序 。whether和if意为“是否” 。

Let us know whether / if you can finish thework before Friday.

请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完 。

I don’t care whether you like the story ornot.

我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事 。

(3)特殊疑问词what/ when/where/ who等引导的宾语从句:

此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的疑问词引导 。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when,how, why等连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省略 。例如:

Could you tell me which gate we have to goto?

请问我们得走哪个门?

He didn’t tell me how long he would stayhere.

他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间 。

【篇三】九年级上学期英语课文知识点外研版

疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where,how, why ” 。此外,连接词“whether”也适用 。

“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五种:

⑴当主语,如:

Whento hold the meeting has not yet been decided.

Where to live is a problem.

Howto cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.

⑵当宾语,如:

Wemust know what to say at a meeting.

Hecould not tell whom to trust.

Doyou know how to play bridge?

⑶当补足语,如:

Theproblem is where to find the financial aid.

Thequestion is who to elect.

⑷当名词同位语,如:

Tomhad no idea which book to read first.

Doyou have a rough impression how to do it?

⑸当宾语补足语,如:

Jimis not sure whose to choose.

Maryand John are not certain whether to get married or not.

适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括:“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget,guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等 。

有点值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词分句,例如:

Icould not decide which dictonary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionaryI should buy.

Jackdid not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where hecould find such a good teacher.

有些动词,如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等,可以先有个宾语,然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词”结构 。例如:

Thechief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.

Haveyou told him where to get the application form?

综上所述,可见“疑问词+不定式动词”结构是个形象清新,既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构,可以多多运用 。